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Vila Augusta Löw-Beera
1922–1923
Project author: Gustav Ludwig ?
Interior designer: Franz Wilfert
Builder: Hermann Mainx
Hlinky 52/132–134, Brno-Pisárky
The original villa at Hlinky number 134 was commissioned around 1879 by Dr. Hieronymus Fialla. Even at that time, it was a free-standing building with an approximately square floor plan, situated in a garden. The original structure had a protruding risalit along the axis of the main facade, presumably with an entrance on the ground floor and a loggia on the first floor, crowned with a curved gable. A long building, presumably serving as a greenhouse for the villa, was also located in the garden behind the villa. At least this is how both structures can be reconstructed based on the cadastral map of Brno from 1906 and a panoramic photograph of Hlinky from 1911, which document the condition of the original building. However, construction documentation or other visual materials for this building are not available. In the direction from Old Brno to the Pisárky valley, it was the first such solitary structure in a garden, standing out from the continuous street development. In its vicinity, shortly after its construction, another similarly situated villa emerged, belonging to the founder of Brno engineering, Carl Friedrich Luz (1821–1905).
In 1908, the villa number 134 was purchased by the famous Brno tailor and real estate owner Ludvik Dukát, who owned it for ten years. In 1918, however, the district court issued a ruling in which Dukát was: "completely deprived of legal capacity due to feeble-mindedness", which presumably necessitated assessments regarding the management of his real estate. However, as early as 1920, a trio of new owners was recorded in the land register, namely Dr. Ludvik Dukát, Emílie Franková, and Josefa Brettschneiderová.
In the same year that Ludvik Dukát was deprived of his legal capacity, the youngest son of Arnold and Friederika Löw-Beer, August, became a public partner in the family wool company Aron & Jakob Löw-Beer's Söhne. However, August Löw-Beer had already come to Brno earlier, as in 1913 and 1914, he purchased a pair of properties at Hlinky 40 and 42, intending to demolish the older buildings and replace them with his villa, designed by Friedrich Ohmann. However, the realization of this villa ultimately did not happen, and August Löw-Beer disposed of both properties in 1921. The new owner of the buildings at Hlinky 40 and 42 then became František Eichler. Still, in the same year, 1921, August Löw-Beer also purchased the villa from Ludvik Dukát at Hlinky 134, along with the adjacent plot number 132, which housed the Českého srdce shelter. He subsequently transferred both plots, including the building, to the family firm.
The new owner was not satisfied with the historical structure, which evidently did not meet the needs of the thirty-eight-year-old businessman and father of two children, older Erich and younger Margarete, and thus commissioned a project for the construction of an entirely new, and it must be said also monumental, villa.
Documentation for the new construction has only survived in the archive of Brno Waterworks and Sewage in the form of plumbing plans prepared by the company Johann Kachlik's Witwe A. Kachlik in Brno. The plumbing plan is dated February 10, 1923, while the building plans were certainly created earlier, possibly as early as 1921, but no later than 1922. The overall architectural design of the new building, referred to in German as plans, along with a rather critical mention in the socialist Rovnost that "Manufacturer Löw-Beer is building a luxurious villa at Hlinky No. 132 at a cost of 10 million crowns for 4 people (It is interesting that he entrusts the execution to Germans from the Reich, not bothering with the unemployment of local firms).", leads us to presume that the building's author was one of the German architects.
In June of this year (2024), I managed to establish contact with living descendants of August and Alice Löw-Beer, who provided me with very valuable historical photographs of the villa, originating from the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, as well as information that could help identify the building's author. Through the historical photographs, it is possible to glimpse the original furnishings of the villa and identify individual spaces. In correspondence with Caroline Robinson, a descendant of the family, it can perhaps be determined that the architect of the building was Gustav Ludwig (1876-1952)¹. The interior of the villa should then have been designed by the Vienna architect Franz Wilfert, who, a few years later, also created the interior of the Stiassni villa, and the construction work was entrusted to the Brno builder Hermann Mainx, who also carried out the construction of the villa of August Löw-Beer's older brother, Felix, at Hlinky 104 in 1928.
Brno native Gustav Ludwig moved in 1907 to Munich to join his older brother Alois Ludwig (1872-1969) to run a construction company, "Brüder Ludwig," which operated primarily in Germany and South Tyrol. It was in Munich that brothers Gustav and Alois Ludwig designed several villa buildings, including perhaps the most famous villa for Thomas Mann from 1913-1914.
According to information in the property card, demolition of the original villa occurred in 1922, and on July 13 of that same year, the company applied for a building permit. “Based on the permit dated July 27, 1922, a single-story villa was constructed on the site of the old building in Brno at Hlinky or. number 132 and 134... permission for the use of this new building was granted to the company Aron and Jacob Löw-Beer's Söhne in Brno, starting from December 30, 1923.” Compared to the previous object, the architect set the new villa deeper into the garden, taking up the space of both previously separate lots. In the early twenties, it was one of the most distinctive villas in Brno.
It must be said that the designation of the building in official documents as a single-story villa is quite misleading. From the perspective of the main facade facing Hlinky Street, it is actually a four-story rectangular building covered with a mansard roof. Due to the sloping terrain rising towards Vinařská Street, however, two floors of the building are situated underground. In front of the main facade of the villa is a platform with a pair of composed trees. The actual building rests on a stone step, which has openings leading to the basement and also the main entrance, flanked by a pair of Ionic columns. Behind the entrance is an arched entrance hall, whose ceiling is adorned with a simple stucco ornament. The entrance hallway ends with a central staircase with wrought-iron railings. As seen in historical photographs, the entrance hall was dominated by a statue of the Italian sculptor Antonio Tantardini (1829–1879) named Mother and Child, which was also exhibited at the International Exhibition in London in 1862. According to family descendants, this statue remained in the building until recently. Its current whereabouts are unknown.
Besides the entrance hallway, the second subterranean floor was dedicated to the operational facilities of the building with cellars, a supply room, and a room for storing fur coats.
The central staircase brought owners and visitors of the villa to the anteroom, from where one entered the main hall with a travertine fireplace and stucco ceiling decoration. The hall was connected to the dining room, located in the semi-cylindrical risalit. Naturally, the dining room was followed by a pantry and kitchen. In the right polygonal risalit were the gentlemen's room and the sun room (Sonnenzimmer). From the hall, dining room, and sun room, one could step onto a spacious terrace. On the first above-ground floor were the residential spaces of the owners, meaning the bedrooms of August and Alice Löw-Beer with separate bathrooms and rooms for the son Erich and daughter Margarete. Rooms for guests were placed in the mansard roof.
From the period press, we can also gather at least sparse information about the individuals who provided the necessary services to the owners, for example: “A 21-year-old gardening apprentice, looking for a permanent position out of love for work. Respectable offers to the address of Jindřich Klodner, gardening apprentice Brno, V hlinkách 132.” In the thirties, a certain Franz Gottwald was to be the caretaker or supervisor of the villa.
The owner or user of the villa, considering the company property, August Löw-Beer, of course belonged to the influential figures in interwar Brno. In addition to co-ownership of the family business, he was also a member of the board of directors of the Rubber Industry Company Viktoria, as well as the owner of a commercial company related to textiles named Perfect and also served as honorary consul of Austria. Before the occupation, August Löw-Beer emigrated abroad with his family and died in 1942 in Galashiels, Britain.
At the time of the builder's death, the building was already held by the Nazi apparatus, and the family's property was confiscated: “All standing and lying, movable and immovable property, as well as all inadmissible rights of the Jew. August Israel Löw-Beer, manufacturer, born May 1, 1883, in Elsenthal, now a Reich national, residing in Brno Lehmstätte 132, and his wife Alice, born Gottlieb, born August 10, 1889, in Brno, both unregistered residents... was confiscated. There is no appeal against this decision. Secret State Police.” Following the seizure of the building by the German state police, the German Security Service, known by the acronym SD, likely expressed interest in the villa in 1940, whose Brno office was established and then led by Wilhelm Benedikt Biermann. We know very little about the activity of the SD in Brno during the Protectorate. However, it can be suspected that this building became one of the tragic sites from which repression against Czech residents was orchestrated, as documented by a post-war mention in the press: “Witnesses claim that Horák was the terror of Podivín along with another informant Antonín Hřebačka. It is unclear how Horák became an informant for the SD, but it is likely that he 'introduced himself' with a letter sent to K. H. Frank on January 5, 1943. In it, he wrote about a tiny percentage of Czechs who 'truly proud, honestly, uncompromisingly, nay, fanatically stand behind leader A. Hitler and the ideas he set out.'... All witness testimonies indicated that Horák acted towards the Czechs as a provocateur agent and reported directly to the SD headquarters in Brno at Hlinky 132.”
Much more interesting information regarding the villa of August Löw-Beer is provided by the two authors, František Vašek and Zdeněk Štěpánek, in their book First and Second State of Emergency in Moravia (1941-1942). The authors describe the situation during the first state of emergency and the way the Nazi armed forces and security forces handled the bodies of the executed individuals, which were transported to the crematorium in the city of Brno and burned under the supervision of gestapo members. However, when crematorium workers released several urns to relatives, the Nazi apparatus reportedly intervened and relocated the urns with ashes precisely to the SD headquarters at Hlinky. Here, the ashes were to be scattered in the garden. If this information could be confirmed, the villa of August Löw-Beer would become, among other things, a significant symbolic and memorial site for the domestic anti-Nazi resistance in Brno.
After the war, by decree of the Land National Committee in January 1946, national administration was imposed on the property, and later that year, Leopold Reittr was appointed as the national administrator. From then on, the Czechoslovak state began disposing of the property for its benefit. The former Löw-Beer family firm was also nationalized, and its assets were integrated into the Moravian-Silesian Wool Works and later into the Mosilana woolen factory. In 1947, the area office of the Resettlement Office, which had merged shortly before with the National Renewal Fund, was temporarily located in the villa. However, soon thoughts began to arise about the villa of August Löw-Beer as a site to relocate a nursery home. Already in May 1948, Svobodné noviny reported "on negotiations with the Wool Factory, which voluntarily relinquished claims to house number 132/134 at Hlinky, in favor of the nursery home, for which the building in Pisárky is the most suitable object." In September of that same year, the newly established relocation commission at the Central National Committee placed the nursery home precisely here. By August 1949, the Brno Rovnost reported that the necessary adaptation work in the villa had already begun. “The Křenovice nursery home, which was inappropriately located outside the Brno area and inadequately equipped, will be relocated to the building in Brno, at Hlinky 132-134. This building is already being suitably adapted by Čs. construction companies to perfectly meet the needs of the institution.” However, it is interesting that in the same year that construction adaptations were already underway for the building's new use, a restitution claim for the estate of August Löw-Beer was submitted pursuant to § 12 of the restitution law. The restitution claim was unsuccessful, definitively transferring ownership rights to the Czechoslovak state, the City National Committee in Brno, and subsequently to the State Nursery Home in Brno – Health Department of the Regional National Committee in Brno.
From the time of the nursery home's operation, there are many insensitive modifications to the exterior and interior of the villa that are still readable today. For example, a freight elevator was added to the western part of the building, or a chimney of the boiler room was built along the axis of the main facade. On the ground floor of the building were changing rooms for the nurses, with individual departments of the home situated over two floors, and the last floor housed the department for premature children. The nursery home operated here until 2011 when it moved to new premises in Bystrc. In 2013, the City of Brno sold the building for 65 million crowns to the company Energocentrum MK. Currently, the property is owned by a private individual. According to information from the Building Authority, construction proceedings have currently been initiated for "the construction of garages sunk into the sloping garden terrain in the area of the future Rehabilitation Health Center."
The villa of August Löw-Beer is among the objects of so-called late registered monuments, for which the Supreme Administrative Court abolished the monument protection at the end of 2020. Thus, a serious question remains about the future of this endangered building.
Mgr. Michal Doležel
Museum of the City of Brno
Notes
1) “According to my Father's memories the architect came from Munich and was called Ludwig I don't know more. The builder was called Mainx and an architect called Wilfert from Vienna only produced a sketch of how he expected the hall to be furnished.” Czech translation: “According to my father's memories the architect came from Munich and was called Ludwig, I don't know more. The builder was called Mainx and architect Wilfert from Vienna only outlined how the hall should be furnished.”
Acknowledgements:
Petr Houzar, Archive of the City of Brno
Silvie Klimešová, Brno Waterworks and Sewage, a.s.
Lenka Kudělková, Museum of the City of Brno
Sources:
Alamy.com
Archive of Caroline Robinson, Peter Koenig, and Ivan Konig
Archive of the City of Brno
BAM Brno, Brno Architectural Manual
Brno Waterworks and Sewage, a.s.
Geni.com
Internet Encyclopedia of the History of Brno
Cadastral Office for the South Moravian Region, Cadastral Workplace Brno-Country
City of Brno, Department of Internal Affairs Moravian Regional Library
Museum of the City of Brno
National Heritage Institute, Regional Expert Workplace Brno
Literature:
In 1908, the villa number 134 was purchased by the famous Brno tailor and real estate owner Ludvik Dukát, who owned it for ten years. In 1918, however, the district court issued a ruling in which Dukát was: "completely deprived of legal capacity due to feeble-mindedness", which presumably necessitated assessments regarding the management of his real estate. However, as early as 1920, a trio of new owners was recorded in the land register, namely Dr. Ludvik Dukát, Emílie Franková, and Josefa Brettschneiderová.
In the same year that Ludvik Dukát was deprived of his legal capacity, the youngest son of Arnold and Friederika Löw-Beer, August, became a public partner in the family wool company Aron & Jakob Löw-Beer's Söhne. However, August Löw-Beer had already come to Brno earlier, as in 1913 and 1914, he purchased a pair of properties at Hlinky 40 and 42, intending to demolish the older buildings and replace them with his villa, designed by Friedrich Ohmann. However, the realization of this villa ultimately did not happen, and August Löw-Beer disposed of both properties in 1921. The new owner of the buildings at Hlinky 40 and 42 then became František Eichler. Still, in the same year, 1921, August Löw-Beer also purchased the villa from Ludvik Dukát at Hlinky 134, along with the adjacent plot number 132, which housed the Českého srdce shelter. He subsequently transferred both plots, including the building, to the family firm.
The new owner was not satisfied with the historical structure, which evidently did not meet the needs of the thirty-eight-year-old businessman and father of two children, older Erich and younger Margarete, and thus commissioned a project for the construction of an entirely new, and it must be said also monumental, villa.
Documentation for the new construction has only survived in the archive of Brno Waterworks and Sewage in the form of plumbing plans prepared by the company Johann Kachlik's Witwe A. Kachlik in Brno. The plumbing plan is dated February 10, 1923, while the building plans were certainly created earlier, possibly as early as 1921, but no later than 1922. The overall architectural design of the new building, referred to in German as plans, along with a rather critical mention in the socialist Rovnost that "Manufacturer Löw-Beer is building a luxurious villa at Hlinky No. 132 at a cost of 10 million crowns for 4 people (It is interesting that he entrusts the execution to Germans from the Reich, not bothering with the unemployment of local firms).", leads us to presume that the building's author was one of the German architects.
In June of this year (2024), I managed to establish contact with living descendants of August and Alice Löw-Beer, who provided me with very valuable historical photographs of the villa, originating from the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, as well as information that could help identify the building's author. Through the historical photographs, it is possible to glimpse the original furnishings of the villa and identify individual spaces. In correspondence with Caroline Robinson, a descendant of the family, it can perhaps be determined that the architect of the building was Gustav Ludwig (1876-1952)¹. The interior of the villa should then have been designed by the Vienna architect Franz Wilfert, who, a few years later, also created the interior of the Stiassni villa, and the construction work was entrusted to the Brno builder Hermann Mainx, who also carried out the construction of the villa of August Löw-Beer's older brother, Felix, at Hlinky 104 in 1928.
Brno native Gustav Ludwig moved in 1907 to Munich to join his older brother Alois Ludwig (1872-1969) to run a construction company, "Brüder Ludwig," which operated primarily in Germany and South Tyrol. It was in Munich that brothers Gustav and Alois Ludwig designed several villa buildings, including perhaps the most famous villa for Thomas Mann from 1913-1914.
According to information in the property card, demolition of the original villa occurred in 1922, and on July 13 of that same year, the company applied for a building permit. “Based on the permit dated July 27, 1922, a single-story villa was constructed on the site of the old building in Brno at Hlinky or. number 132 and 134... permission for the use of this new building was granted to the company Aron and Jacob Löw-Beer's Söhne in Brno, starting from December 30, 1923.” Compared to the previous object, the architect set the new villa deeper into the garden, taking up the space of both previously separate lots. In the early twenties, it was one of the most distinctive villas in Brno.
It must be said that the designation of the building in official documents as a single-story villa is quite misleading. From the perspective of the main facade facing Hlinky Street, it is actually a four-story rectangular building covered with a mansard roof. Due to the sloping terrain rising towards Vinařská Street, however, two floors of the building are situated underground. In front of the main facade of the villa is a platform with a pair of composed trees. The actual building rests on a stone step, which has openings leading to the basement and also the main entrance, flanked by a pair of Ionic columns. Behind the entrance is an arched entrance hall, whose ceiling is adorned with a simple stucco ornament. The entrance hallway ends with a central staircase with wrought-iron railings. As seen in historical photographs, the entrance hall was dominated by a statue of the Italian sculptor Antonio Tantardini (1829–1879) named Mother and Child, which was also exhibited at the International Exhibition in London in 1862. According to family descendants, this statue remained in the building until recently. Its current whereabouts are unknown.
Besides the entrance hallway, the second subterranean floor was dedicated to the operational facilities of the building with cellars, a supply room, and a room for storing fur coats.
The central staircase brought owners and visitors of the villa to the anteroom, from where one entered the main hall with a travertine fireplace and stucco ceiling decoration. The hall was connected to the dining room, located in the semi-cylindrical risalit. Naturally, the dining room was followed by a pantry and kitchen. In the right polygonal risalit were the gentlemen's room and the sun room (Sonnenzimmer). From the hall, dining room, and sun room, one could step onto a spacious terrace. On the first above-ground floor were the residential spaces of the owners, meaning the bedrooms of August and Alice Löw-Beer with separate bathrooms and rooms for the son Erich and daughter Margarete. Rooms for guests were placed in the mansard roof.
From the period press, we can also gather at least sparse information about the individuals who provided the necessary services to the owners, for example: “A 21-year-old gardening apprentice, looking for a permanent position out of love for work. Respectable offers to the address of Jindřich Klodner, gardening apprentice Brno, V hlinkách 132.” In the thirties, a certain Franz Gottwald was to be the caretaker or supervisor of the villa.
The owner or user of the villa, considering the company property, August Löw-Beer, of course belonged to the influential figures in interwar Brno. In addition to co-ownership of the family business, he was also a member of the board of directors of the Rubber Industry Company Viktoria, as well as the owner of a commercial company related to textiles named Perfect and also served as honorary consul of Austria. Before the occupation, August Löw-Beer emigrated abroad with his family and died in 1942 in Galashiels, Britain.
At the time of the builder's death, the building was already held by the Nazi apparatus, and the family's property was confiscated: “All standing and lying, movable and immovable property, as well as all inadmissible rights of the Jew. August Israel Löw-Beer, manufacturer, born May 1, 1883, in Elsenthal, now a Reich national, residing in Brno Lehmstätte 132, and his wife Alice, born Gottlieb, born August 10, 1889, in Brno, both unregistered residents... was confiscated. There is no appeal against this decision. Secret State Police.” Following the seizure of the building by the German state police, the German Security Service, known by the acronym SD, likely expressed interest in the villa in 1940, whose Brno office was established and then led by Wilhelm Benedikt Biermann. We know very little about the activity of the SD in Brno during the Protectorate. However, it can be suspected that this building became one of the tragic sites from which repression against Czech residents was orchestrated, as documented by a post-war mention in the press: “Witnesses claim that Horák was the terror of Podivín along with another informant Antonín Hřebačka. It is unclear how Horák became an informant for the SD, but it is likely that he 'introduced himself' with a letter sent to K. H. Frank on January 5, 1943. In it, he wrote about a tiny percentage of Czechs who 'truly proud, honestly, uncompromisingly, nay, fanatically stand behind leader A. Hitler and the ideas he set out.'... All witness testimonies indicated that Horák acted towards the Czechs as a provocateur agent and reported directly to the SD headquarters in Brno at Hlinky 132.”
Much more interesting information regarding the villa of August Löw-Beer is provided by the two authors, František Vašek and Zdeněk Štěpánek, in their book First and Second State of Emergency in Moravia (1941-1942). The authors describe the situation during the first state of emergency and the way the Nazi armed forces and security forces handled the bodies of the executed individuals, which were transported to the crematorium in the city of Brno and burned under the supervision of gestapo members. However, when crematorium workers released several urns to relatives, the Nazi apparatus reportedly intervened and relocated the urns with ashes precisely to the SD headquarters at Hlinky. Here, the ashes were to be scattered in the garden. If this information could be confirmed, the villa of August Löw-Beer would become, among other things, a significant symbolic and memorial site for the domestic anti-Nazi resistance in Brno.
After the war, by decree of the Land National Committee in January 1946, national administration was imposed on the property, and later that year, Leopold Reittr was appointed as the national administrator. From then on, the Czechoslovak state began disposing of the property for its benefit. The former Löw-Beer family firm was also nationalized, and its assets were integrated into the Moravian-Silesian Wool Works and later into the Mosilana woolen factory. In 1947, the area office of the Resettlement Office, which had merged shortly before with the National Renewal Fund, was temporarily located in the villa. However, soon thoughts began to arise about the villa of August Löw-Beer as a site to relocate a nursery home. Already in May 1948, Svobodné noviny reported "on negotiations with the Wool Factory, which voluntarily relinquished claims to house number 132/134 at Hlinky, in favor of the nursery home, for which the building in Pisárky is the most suitable object." In September of that same year, the newly established relocation commission at the Central National Committee placed the nursery home precisely here. By August 1949, the Brno Rovnost reported that the necessary adaptation work in the villa had already begun. “The Křenovice nursery home, which was inappropriately located outside the Brno area and inadequately equipped, will be relocated to the building in Brno, at Hlinky 132-134. This building is already being suitably adapted by Čs. construction companies to perfectly meet the needs of the institution.” However, it is interesting that in the same year that construction adaptations were already underway for the building's new use, a restitution claim for the estate of August Löw-Beer was submitted pursuant to § 12 of the restitution law. The restitution claim was unsuccessful, definitively transferring ownership rights to the Czechoslovak state, the City National Committee in Brno, and subsequently to the State Nursery Home in Brno – Health Department of the Regional National Committee in Brno.
From the time of the nursery home's operation, there are many insensitive modifications to the exterior and interior of the villa that are still readable today. For example, a freight elevator was added to the western part of the building, or a chimney of the boiler room was built along the axis of the main facade. On the ground floor of the building were changing rooms for the nurses, with individual departments of the home situated over two floors, and the last floor housed the department for premature children. The nursery home operated here until 2011 when it moved to new premises in Bystrc. In 2013, the City of Brno sold the building for 65 million crowns to the company Energocentrum MK. Currently, the property is owned by a private individual. According to information from the Building Authority, construction proceedings have currently been initiated for "the construction of garages sunk into the sloping garden terrain in the area of the future Rehabilitation Health Center."
The villa of August Löw-Beer is among the objects of so-called late registered monuments, for which the Supreme Administrative Court abolished the monument protection at the end of 2020. Thus, a serious question remains about the future of this endangered building.
Mgr. Michal Doležel
Museum of the City of Brno
Notes
1) “According to my Father's memories the architect came from Munich and was called Ludwig I don't know more. The builder was called Mainx and an architect called Wilfert from Vienna only produced a sketch of how he expected the hall to be furnished.” Czech translation: “According to my father's memories the architect came from Munich and was called Ludwig, I don't know more. The builder was called Mainx and architect Wilfert from Vienna only outlined how the hall should be furnished.”
Acknowledgements:
Petr Houzar, Archive of the City of Brno
Silvie Klimešová, Brno Waterworks and Sewage, a.s.
Lenka Kudělková, Museum of the City of Brno
Sources:
Alamy.com
Archive of Caroline Robinson, Peter Koenig, and Ivan Konig
Archive of the City of Brno
BAM Brno, Brno Architectural Manual
Brno Waterworks and Sewage, a.s.
Geni.com
Internet Encyclopedia of the History of Brno
Cadastral Office for the South Moravian Region, Cadastral Workplace Brno-Country
City of Brno, Department of Internal Affairs Moravian Regional Library
Museum of the City of Brno
National Heritage Institute, Regional Expert Workplace Brno
Literature:
- Directory of Greater Brno. 28th edition - 28. Jahrgang. 1930. [Brünn]: Friedr. Irrgang Verlag,
- Brünner Morgenpost. 21.9.1921, year 56, p. 3.
- CZAJKOWSKA, Lenka; CZAJKOWSKI, Petr. Development of Hlinky Street after 1850 and the property structure of individual buildings with particular regard to 1910. A contribution to the knowledge of suburban architecture of the city of Brno. In: Brno in the Past and Present: Collection of Contributions to the History and Construction of Brno, Brno 2006, pp. 445-477.
- LUKEŠOVÁ, Veronika. Family Houses of Löw-Beers on Hlinky Street in Brno at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Collection of the Museum of Brno, Brno, 2016, pp. 34-47.
- SMUTNÝ, Bohumír. Brno Entrepreneurs and their Enterprises: 1764-1948: Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurs and their Families. Brno: Statutory City of Brno, Archive of the City of Brno, 2012.
- VAŠEK, František; ŠTĚPÁNEK, Zdeněk. First and Second State of Emergency in Moravia (1941-1942). Brno, 2002, p. 115.
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